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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vfuzeml</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Науки о Земле». Earth Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series "Earth Sciences"</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-8751</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К.Аммосова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25587/SVFU.2022.25.1.014</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vfuzeml-116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАНДШАФТОВЕДЕНИЕ И ГЕОХИМИЯ ЛАНДШАФТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LANDSCAPE AND LANDSCAPE GEOCHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние пожаров на состав донных отложений рек и озёр урбанизированных территорий Среднеамурской низменности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of wildfires on the composition of bottom sediments of rivers and lakes in urbanized areas of the Middle Amur lowland</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остроухов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostroukhov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ОСТРОУХОВ Андрей Вячеславович – к.г.н., в.н.с.</p><p>г. Хабаровск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>OSTROUKHOV Andrei Viacheslavovich – Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Leading Researcher</p><p>Khabarovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ostran2004@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ХАРИТОНОВА Галина Владимировна – д.б.н., г.н.с.</p><p>г. Хабаровск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>KHARITONOVA Galina Vladimirovna – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Principal researcher</p><p>Khabarovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ostran2004@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт водных и экологических проблем ДВО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Water and Ecology Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Остроухов А.В., Харитонова Г.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Остроухов А.В., Харитонова Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostroukhov A.V., Kharitonova G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vnzsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/116">https://www.vnzsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/116</self-uri><abstract><p>Ландшафтные пожары, являющиеся важным фактором функционирования и трансформации геосистем (наземные геосистемы, атмосферный воздух, растительный и животный мир), оказывают существенное влияние и на водные экосистемы. Настоящая работа посвящена оценке влияния пожаров на водные экосистемы урбанизированных территорий Среднеамурской низменности (в пределах Хабаровского края). Задачами работы являются оценка горимости и пирогенной трансформации исследуемой территории на основе анализа и дешифрирования многолетних рядов данных ДЗЗ; анализ особенностей состава и закономерностей постпирогенного изменения донных отложений ключевого участка (бассейн р. Симми, малый приток р. Амур). Для определения среднемноголетних характеристик природных пожаров и тенденций их изменения были использованы безоблачные данные свободного доступа со спутников Landsat 5, 7 и 8 за период с 1984 по 2020 гг. Обработка данных ДЗЗ проводилась методом экспертного дешифрирования в программе ArcGIS 10.5.</p><p>На основе многолетних рядов данных ДЗЗ были выделены площади ландшафтных пожаров за период с 1984 по 2020 год. Анализ полученных данных свидетельствует о значительных масштабах и высокой повторяемости пирогенного воздействия на геосистемы территории. Результаты работы показывают значительное занижение площадей луговых пожаров по данным официальной статистики. По среднемноголетним данным ДЗЗ в пределах Среднеамурской низменности пожарами затронуто от 27 до 35 % нелесных экосистем, а в отдельные годы площади пожаров превышают 50 % территории, что сопоставимо с площадями лесных пожаров в Хабаровском крае в целом. При этом по официальным данным на нелесные пожары в крае приходится лишь 8,9 %. Недооценка влияния луговых пожаров связана, по нашему мнению, в первую очередь с несовершенством методов автоматического картирования гарей, что приводит к занижению их площадей.</p><p>В пределах ключевой территории были изучены донные отложения р. Симми. Отбор проб (15 образцов, по стандартным методикам) был проведен в мае 2018 года (на третий год после осеннего пожара 2016 г.) и в июле 2019 г. после весеннего (март–апрель) пожара. Основными методами исследования были гранулометрический и валовой химический анализы, а также сканирующая электронная микроскопия (СЭМ). Гранулометрический состав определяли методами седиментации по Качинскому и лазерной дифракции на анализаторе размера частиц (SALD-2300, Shimadzu, Japan). Валовой состав определяли рентгенфлуоресцентным методом (Pioneer S4, Bruker AXS, Germany). СЭМ-анализ проводили с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа VEGA 3 LMH (TESCAN, Czech Republic). Основные методы исследования были дополнены стандартными физико-химическими методами анализа.</p><p>Полученные нами данные для ключевого участка свидетельствуют, что прохождение луговых пожаров на водосборной территории влечет за собой изменение химического состава отложений. В первые месяцыпосле пожара реакцией речной системы является секвестирование растворимых соединений P, которые образуются при «огневой» минерализации. Это происходит в результате связывания фосфат-ионов в вивианит, растворимость которого чрезвычайно мала в отсутствие сульфатов и сульфат-редуцирующих бактерий. Вивианит осаждается на поверхности глинисто-железистых микроагрегатов взвешенной фракции наносов, которая со временем (2–3 года) выносится потоком, что приводит к снижению масштабов воздействия пожара на локальных участках.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Wild fires is an important factor in the functioning and transformation of geosystems. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of fires on the aquatic ecosystems of urbanized areas of the Middle Amur Lowland (within Khabarovsk Krai). The tasks of the work are to assess the burnability and pyrogenic transformation of the territory based on the analysis of long-term earth remote sensing (ERS) data series and to analyze the composition and patterns of post-pyrogenic changes in the bottom sediments of the key site (basin of the Simmi River, small tributary of the Amur River). Cloudless data of free access from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellites for 37-yr (1984 – 2020) were used to determine the average long-term characteristics of wildfires and trends in their changes. ERS processing was carried out by the expert decryption method in the ArcGIS 10.5 program.</p><p>The analysis of allocated wild fires indicates a significant scale and high repeatability of pyrogenic effects on the geosystems of the territory. Grass fires affected from 27 to 35 % of non-forest ecosystems, exceed 50 % in some years, which is comparable to the areas of forest fires. But according to official data, due to the imperfection of the methods of automatic mapping of the burnt-out territory, non-forest fires in the region account for only 8.9 %.</p><p>The bottom sediments were studied in the key site. Sampling (15 samples, according to standard methods) was carried out in May 2018 (in the third year after the autumn fire of 2016) and in July 2019 after the spring (March–April) fire. The main research methods were granulometric and gross chemical analyses and scanning electron microscopy (VEGA 3 LM scanning electron microscope, TESCAN, Czech Republic). The granulometric composition was determined by laser diffraction on a particle size analyzer (SALD-2300, Shimadzu, Japan). The gross composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence method (Pioneer S4, Bruker AXS, Germany). Our data indicate that the passage of grass fires in the catchment area entails a change in the chemical composition of BS formed in the post-pyrogenic period. In the first months after the fire, the reaction of the river system is the sequestration of soluble P compounds, which are formed during “fire” mineralization. This occurs as a result of the binding of phosphate ions into vivianite. It is precipitated on the surface of clay-ferruginous microaggregates of a suspended sediment fraction, which over time (2-3 years) is carried out by the stream. The latter leads to a reduction in the scale of the impact of the fire.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ландшафтные пожары</kwd><kwd>Среднеамурская низменность</kwd><kwd>данные дистанционного зондирования</kwd><kwd>геоинформационный анализ</kwd><kwd>водные объекты</kwd><kwd>донные отложения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>landscape fires</kwd><kwd>Middle Amur lowlands</kwd><kwd>remote sensing data</kwd><kwd>geo-information analysis</kwd><kwd>water bodies</kwd><kwd>bottom sediments</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проводилась при поддержке научного проекта Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований № 19-55-80022 «Влияние урбанизации и наводнений на химическое загрязнение крупных речных бассейнов (на примере Амура)».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Работа проводилась при поддержке научного проекта Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований № 19-55-80022 «Влияние урбанизации и наводнений на химическое загрязнение крупных речных бассейнов (на примере Амура)».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canadell J.G., Pataki D.E., Pitelka L.F. 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