vfuzemlВестник Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М.К. Аммосова. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Серия «Науки о Земле». Earth SciencesVestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series "Earth Sciences"2587-8751Северо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К.Аммосова10.25587/2587-8751-2025-1-44-67vfuzeml-369Research ArticleГЕОГРАФИЯGEOGRAPHYПространственная оценка экологической уязвимости бассейна реки Ахангаран (Узбекистан)A spatial assessment of environmental vulnerability in the Akhangaran river basin, Uzbekistanhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-8124-2399ХаджаевР. Н.KhadzhaevR. N.

ХАДЖАЕВ Руслан Наилевич – магистрант

Ташкент

Tashkent

ruslankhadzhaev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-189XФазиловаД. Ш.FazilovaD. Sh.

ФАЗИЛОВА Дилбархон Шамурадовна – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор

Ташкент

Tashkent

Ташкентский государственный технический университет имени Ислама КаримоваУзбекистанIslam Karimov Tashkent State Technical UniversityUzbekistanАстрономический институт им. Улугбека Академии наук УзбекистанаУзбекистанUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute of the Uzbekistan Academy of SciencesUzbekistan202614072026024467Copyright © Хаджаев Р.Н., Фазилова Д.Ш., 20262026Хаджаев Р.Н., Фазилова Д.Ш.Khadzhaev R.N., Fazilova D.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vnzsvfu.ru/jour/article/view/369

В условиях усиления антропогенной нагрузки и необходимости перехода к объективному экологическому мониторингу актуальной научной задачей является пространственная оценка экологической уязвимости территорий с учетом природных и техногенных факторов. Целью исследования являлась оценка экологической уязвимости бассейна реки Ахангаран (Узбекистан) на основе комплексного геоинформационного подхода. В качестве материалов использованы многовременные спутниковые данные Landsat 8 и Landsat 9 за 2022–2025 гг., кадастровые данные о землепользовании, цифровая модель рельефа Copernicus GLO-30 и данные о плотности почв из OpenLandMap. Обработка данных выполнялась в Google Earth Engine с расчетом спектральных индексов, включая Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, Normalised Difference Drought Index, Normalised Difference Built-up Index, Bare Soil Index, Land Surface Temperature и Clay Mineral Ratio. На основе нормализованных показателей был построен интегральный индекс экологической уязвимости с использованием корреляционно-взвешенной схемы, учитывающей мультиколлинеарность индикаторов. Установлено, что 59,6 % площади бассейна относится к зонам высокой уязвимости. Выявлена отчетливая пространственная дифференциация: горные лесные территории сохраняют относительную устойчивость, тогда как сельскохозяйственные, промышленные и селитебные зоны характеризуются повышенной экологической напряженностью, уплотнением почв и выраженными термальными аномалиями. Практическая значимость работы заключается в возможности использования полученных результатов для государственного экологического и земельного мониторинга, а также для выявления приоритетных участков природоохранного управления. Перспективы исследования связаны с дальнейшим совершенствованием индикаторной базы и адаптацией методики для других бассейнов и природно-техногенных геосистем Узбекистана.

In the context of increasing anthropogenic pressure and the need for objective environmental monitoring, spatial assessment of ecological vulnerability that takes into account natural and technogenic factors has become an important scientific task. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological vulnerability of the Akhangaran River Basin (Uzbekistan) using a comprehensive geographic information system approach. The materials used included multitemporal Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellite imagery from 2022 to 2025, cadastral land-use data, the Copernicus GLO-30 Digital Elevation Model, and OpenLandMap soil bulk density data. Data processing was carried out in Google Earth Engine, including the derivation of spectral indices such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, Normalised Difference Drought Index, Normalised Difference Built-up Index, Bare Soil Index, Land Surface Temperature, and Clay Mineral Ratio. Based on the normalised parameters, an integrated Ecological Vulnerability Index was developed using a correlation-weighted scheme that accounts for indicator multicollinearity. Results showed that 59.6% of the basin area falls within zones of high vulnerability. A clear spatial differentiation was identified: while mountainous forest areas retain relative ecological resilience, agricultural, industrial, and residential zones are characterised by elevated environmental stress, soil compaction, and pronounced thermal anomalies. The practical significance of this research lies in the potential application of its findings to state environmental and land monitoring, as well as in the identification of priority areas for environmental management. Future research may focus on  improving the indicator set and adapting the proposed methodology to other river basins and natural-technogenic geosystems in Uzbekistan.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.