Geographical distribution of geoglyphs of the Soviet Union period

The main purpose of this study was to identify the distribution sites on the territory of the Russian Federation of a special type of geoglyphs – forest glyphs formed during the existence of the Soviet Union, with the aim of subsequent design, creation, analysis and determination of opportunities for the practical use of geoglyph maps obtained using the capabilities of geoinformation systems and technologies. Based on the analysis of literary and Internet sources and remote sensing data, geo-images of forest glyphs – geoglyphs created by planting trees forming the necessary pattern were obtained. Forest glyphs are the most interesting and extremely specifi c geoglyphs of a younger (as opposed to the most famous) age, created during the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Similar forest glyphs in the form of inscriptions were created for anniversaries, most often Victory Day. However, they were also dedicated to some other special holiday or event and could be dedicated, for example, to Vladimit Lenin himself or the anniversaries of the birth of the leader of the working people of the world proletariat, the Great October Socialist Revolution, the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Communist Youth Union, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union or its congresses. Representing inscriptions in the form of various kinds of congratulations and slogans, most often they have an ideological orientation. They were made en masse, and today more than fi fty similar geoglyphs have been preserved. At the same time, the largest number of forest glyphs in diff erent versions are dedicated to Lenin and one of the oldest of them was planted near villages Makachevo, Vologda region, in the year of his death in 1924. In large quantities, geoglyphs of the Soviet era began to appear in the USSR in the 1970s, when a huge number of trees were planted en masse across the country. Nevertheless, information about them has become known not only to local residents and widely available only since the beginning of the 21st century – with the development of the Internet and the increasing availability of high-resolution satellite images. At this stage of the study, using methods of analyzing literary and Internet sources of the subject under study, inventory, description, comparison, analysis, evaluation, remote sensing of the Earth, the location, spatial distribution features, the number and most important characteristics of forest glyphs on the territory of modern Russia were identifi ed.

1. Goliandin, A. Geoglify Naska: zemnoe, slishkom zemnoe / A. Goliandin // Znanie – sila, 2009. № 10. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.tainoe.ru/civil/civil_naska.htm (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).

2. Grushina A.W., Teslenok S.A., Mushtaykin A.P. Using modern technologies to create an electronic atlas of the administrative district InterCarto. InterGIS. GI support of sustainable development of territories: Proceedings of the International conference. 2021. V. 27. Part 2. P. 89–101. DOI: 10.35595/2414-9179-2021-2-27-89-101 (In Russian)

3. Dimova, Iu. Ziuratkul’skomu geoglifu vsego 10 let? / Iu. Dimova. Cheliabinsk: Novyi Den’. Rossiiskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo. (01.11.2013) . – Rezhim dostupa: https://newdaynews.ru/chel/468409.html (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).

4. Ivlieva N.G., Manuhov V.F. On the creation of a school and local history atlas of a separate municipal district. Geodesy and cartography, 2010. No 11. P. 34–42 (in Russian).

5. Logvin, A. Geoglify Kostanaiskoi oblasti / A. Logvin. – Rezhim dostupa: http://deydi.narod.ru/ (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).

6. Medvedev A.A. Methodology for creating a multimedia regional atlas (using the example of the Kuril Islands Atlas): autoref. dis. ... candidate of geographical sciences. Moscow, 2008. 26 p. (in Russian). Medvedev, A.A. Metodika sozdaniia mul’timediinogo regional’nogo atlasa (na primere atlasa Kuril’skikh ostrovov): avtoref. dis. … kand. geogr. nauk / A.A. Medvedev. – M., 2008. – 26 p.

7. Медвиженкова, А. / А. Медвиженкова. Карта геоглифов. – Режим доступа: https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1Re2V6ICOPEWMwdiDgxZU2pZK4c1BbOY&ll=19.58139392718523%2C0&z=2 (дата обращения: 18.11.2022).

8. Riz M.R. Kandeliabr Parakasa // Dostoianie planety / M.R. Riz. – Rezhim dostupa: https://dostoyanieplaneti.ru/813-kandieliabr-parakasa-tainstviennyi-doistorichieskii-ghieoghlif?ysclid=le071j8yw9208545021 (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).

9. Stalinskii plan preobrazovaniia prirody. – Rezhim dostupa: http:// http://www.eco-blagodat.ru/zakon/7.%20%D1%F2%E0%EB%E8%ED%F1%EA%E8%E9%20%EF%EB%E0%ED%20%EF%F0%E5%EE%E1%F0%E0%E7%EE%E2%E0%ED%E8%FF%20%EF%F0%E8%F0%EE%E4%FB.pdf (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).

10. Teslenok, K.S. Geoinformatsionnoe kartografi rovanie i modelirovanie v upravlenii zemel’nymi resursami Respubliki Mordoviia / K.S. Teslenok // Problemy prognozirovaniia i gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniia sotsial’noekonomicheskogo razvitiia: materialy XV mezhdunar. nauch. konf. (Minsk, 23-24 okt. 2014 g.): v 3 t. T. 3. – Minsk, 2014. – S. 264-266.

11. Teslenok, K.S. Geoinformatsionnye tekhnologii v izuchenii zemel’nykh resursov Respubliki Mordoviia Mordoviia / K.S. Teslenok // Nauchnoe obozrenie: elektronnyi zhurnal, 2016. – № 2. – Rezhim dostupa: https://srjournal.ru/2016/id19 (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).

12. Teslenok, K.S. Sozdanie geoinformatsionnogo proekta i ego ispol’zovanie v tseliakh razvitiia khoziaistvennykh sistem / K.S. Teslenok // Geo-informatsionnoe kartografi rovanie v regionakh Rossii: materialy VII Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (10-12 dekabria 2015 g.). – Voronezh: Nauchnaia kniga, 2015. – S. 134-138.

13. Teslenok K.S., Teslenok S.A. Tehnologija poluchenija ajerokosmicheskoj informacii dlja reshenija problem prirodopol’zovanija // Prirodnoresursnyj potencial, jekologija i ustojchivoe razvitie regionov Rossii: sb. statej XIII Mezhdunar. nauch.-praktich. konf. – Penza: RIO PGSHA, 2015. – S. 90–94

14. Teslenok, S.A. Vozmozhnosti ekologicheskogo obrazovaniia i vospitaniia pri rekreatsionnom ispol’zovanii lesov Tambovskoi grivy / S.A. Teslenok, M.E. Iamasheva, M.A. Morozova // Ekologicheskie problemy rekreatsionnogo ispol’zovaniia gornykh lesov. Mat-ly II Vseros. nauchno-praktich. konf. Krasnodar, 26 noiab. 2021 g. – Krasnodar: Kubanskii gos. un-t, 2021. S. 286-291.

15. Teslenok, S.A. Ob opyte geoinformatsionnogo kartografi rovaniia i geoinformatsionnogo modelirovaniia / S.A. Teslenok, K.S. Teslenok // KhI Zyrianovskie chteniia. Materialy Vseros. nauch.-praktich. konf. (Kurgan, 5-6 dek. 2013 g.). – Kurgan: Izd-vo Kurgan. gos. un-ta, 2013. – S. 195-197.

16. Tkacheva, A.Iu. Analiz topografi cheskikh kart i kosmosnimkov navigatsionnoi programmy SAS.Planeta s tsel’iu vyiavleniia izmenenii gidro-grafi cheskoi seti na territorii goroda Insar / A.Iu. Tkacheva, A.V. Alferina, S.A. Teslenok // Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo federal’nogo universiteta im. M.K. Ammosova. Seriia «Nauki o Zemle», 2019. – Vyp. 2 (14). – S. 85-95. https://doi.org/10.25587/SVFU.2019.14.35450.

17. Utkin, O. Geoglify / O. Utkin. – Rezhim dostupa: http://anomalia.kulichki.ru/text8/090.htm (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).

18. Eboy O. Tourism mapping: an overview of cartography and the use of GIS. Kota Kinabalu: University Malaysia Sabah Publishing house, 2017. P. 12–18.

19. Geoglyphs Of The Atacama Desert // Wayback Machine. – Режим доступа: http://www.nazcamystery.com/atacama.htm (дата обращения: 18.11.2022).

20. Google Earth. – Режим доступа: https://earth.google.com.my/ (дата обращения: 18.11.2022).

21. Palpa milenaria y misteriosa. – Режим доступа: http://palpamilenaria.blogspot.com/ (дата обращения: 18.11.2022).

22. SAS.Planeta // SASGIS – Veb-kartografi ia i navigatsiia. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.sasgis.org/sasplaneta/ (data obrashcheniia: 18.11.2022).