Water erosion of soils from runoff of melt snow water in agrolandscapes of southeastern Tomsk Oblast

Abstract

The article presents the results of long-term studies of water erosion of soils from meltwater runoff in agricultural landscapes of the southeast of Tomsk Oblast. Soil erosion is one of the main processes that contribute to the destruction of the soil cover and negatively affect environmental and food security. Therefore, the study of dangerous processes of soil degradation under the influence of precipitation washout is a relevant scientific area, which is reflected in the program of fundamental scientific research in the Russian Federation for the long term. The assessment of the intensity of soil erosion in the Basandaika River basin was carried out on the basis of long-

term studies using an integrated approach, including semi-stationary and route observations. It was found that the intensity of snowmelt and the development of soil erosion in the study area depend on a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as slope exposure, steepness, microrelief, agricultural background, soil freezing depth, snow cover thickness and density. It was found that the highest intensity of soil erosion is observed on southern slopes, especially in years with active snowmelt on harrowed fallow land. Thus, the highest value of soil erosion for the period from 1988 to 2024 on southern slopes of agricultural lands was observed near forest belts and reached 40-80 m3/ha for fallow land, and 0.5-3 m3/ha for stubble and grass. Alternating strips of stubble and fallow land on arable land significantly reduces the intensity of erosion. The values of the modules of maximum soil erosion of a given annual probability of exceedance for different key areas were determined. Such studies are necessary for developing recommendations for optimizing agrotechnical measures and models for predicting the development of soil erosion in the context of global climate change.