TO THE PROBLEM OF SYNTHESIS OF GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND CREATION ОF THE GENERAL GEOLOGICAL THEORY

In the middle of the twentieth century, in connection with the continuing accumulation of huge factual material, the differentiation of geological knowledge, with the study of the ocean, penetration into space and the deep bowels of the Earth, a new cognitive task arose - the synthesis of geological knowledge and the search for ways to build the general geological theory. Although, as shown in the article, there are different points of view on the possibility of creating such a theory (up to denying the possibility of its creation), most geologists and philosophers believe that such a theory may be created in the near future. The article shows that the methodological basis for the creation of such a theory is the basic principles of materialistic dialectics, such as the principle of unity (integrity), structure and development, which make it possible to identify the general laws of the development of the Earth as a whole in their dialectical unity with particular laws. It is argued that in order to create a general geological theory, it is necessary: to overcome the barriers of narrow specialization of particular geological theories that hinder an integrated approach to the study of geological processes; make the initial knowledge theoretically homogeneous, thereby creating an end-to-end system of concepts; identify key problems and facts, rebuild private knowledge, taking into account the structure of a multilateral object, that is, the Earth as a whole, which does not coincide with the structure of objects of special sciences. It is shown that the center of crystallization and creation of universal knowledge can be the main ideas of the leader among the geological sciences (tectonics) and major geological problems (in particular, the problems of the energy of geological processes). It is very important to take into account the patterns of development of other planets of the solar system, as well as the use of generalizing ideas of the systems approach and information theory.

synthesis of geological knowledge, general geological theory, methodological foundations of synthesis, principle of unity, principle of structure, principle of development, leader of geological sciences, energetics of geological processes, biosphere, origin of the Earth, mathematization

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