Источники загрязнения воды ртутью в крупных урбанизированных дельтах Aфрики и Aзии

Быстрый рост урбанизации в крупных речных дельтах усиливает антропогенное воздействие на водные объекты, имеющие огромное значение для устойчивости уникальных аквальных ландшафтов и снабжения населения питьевой водой. В частности, происходит загрязнение воды ртутью из различных источников. Последние должны быть установлены для лучшей координации природопользования. Цель настоящей работы – обобщение научной информации об источниках загрязнения воды ртутью в крупных урбанизированных дельтах Азии и Африки. Материал для исследования собран с помощью международной библиографической системы по стандартизированным поисковым запросам с последующей «ручной» фильтрацией и выделением требуемых данных. Аналитические процедуры предполагали не только систематизацию этих данных, но и оценку их четкости, а также типизацию источников загрязнения. Установлено, что информация о повышенных концентрациях ртути в воде имеется для шести крупных урбанизированных дельт, из которых наиболее загрязнены дельты Нила, Меконга и Нигера. Источники загрязнения разнообразны и связаны, в частности, с горно- и нефтедобывающей деятельностью, сельским хозяйством, поступлением сточных вод и отходов. Некоторые загрязнители не связаны с урбанизацией или располагаются на удалении от дельт. Выявлено, что информация об источниках загрязнения воды ртутью не всегда конкретна, во многих случаях их значимость не аргументируется, а лишь предполагается, исходя из общих представлений. Практическая значимость сделанных выводов определяется указаниями на возможные факторы нарушения устойчивости природопользования в урбанизированных дельтах. Перспективы последующих исследований связаны, прежде всего, с расширением географического фокуса и совершенствованием подходов к сбору и критической оценке научной информации о разных аспектах антропогенной нагрузки на уникальные природные ландшафты.

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