The article discusses the specific composition of granites of Ust-Burgochansky massif located in the western part of Silennekh synclinorium, Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogenic region. It is shown that by the type-morphism of minerals, chemical composition and geochemical features, the massif granite corresponds to A-type post-orogenic granite with isochronous Rb-Sr age 91+/-3 million years. The estimated pressure at the magma generation zone (0.4-0.6 GPA, the value I0 = 0.70914+/-0.00013, the ratio of impurity elements indicate the nature of the crustal protolith. At the same time, the composition of biotites corresponds to such derivatives of gabbro-granite series, among the accessory stably present titanomagnetite and zircon with abnormally high values of ZrO2/HfO2 (up to 120), the ratio K2O - Rb, evolve basalt trend. These facts signal about the impact of the main sources of composition in the processes of generation and evolution of the parent for Ust-Burgochanky granite melt, which is confirmed by high estimated temperature of magma (1020-1030оС) and the onset of crystallization (987оС). Based on the obtained data, it is concluded that within the considered area, there is a probable presence of the buried hearth of the main magma and a possible limited synthesis of the main mantle and granite melt generated under its influence in the crust. The geochemical specialization of granites on a wide range of ore elements and rare-earth elements of yttrium group was established, which together with the high activity of water and halogens during crystallization could trigger the formation of complex polymetallic and rare-earth mineralization.

Monitoring of the vast space of the Northern territories based on the materials of optical and radar space surveys allows quick obtaining of objective data on the status and dynamics of natural and technological sites. To ensure territories management at the regional level the actual highly detailed information in demand. Space images of high spatial resolution expanded the range of objects that can be identied and studied by space images. Such images have a different image structure compared to images of medium and low resolution; there is a new problem in the eld of image interpretation - the problem of effective processing of high-resolution images. It is necessary to develop a model of complex processing of medium and high spatial resolution space images obtained in the optical and radio bands.This article considers the main theoretical questions of developing space images interpretation methods for the solution of wide range problems arising at monitoring. The article provides a brief analysis of methods and algorithms for automated image interpretation and the authors have experience in improving the algorithms for medium-and high-resolution satellite images interpretation obtained in the optical and radio range. The main problems of each stage of processing are emphasized. The technology of change detection on the basis of structural features is offered. Structural features are characterized by Fourier and Wavelet patterns. The method of forest boundaries change detection by multi-temporal different types aerospace images based on wavelet analysis is developed. It is noted that the reliability of the results of the boundaries selection for large period time monitoring depends signicantly on the accuracy of the image transformation and the accuracy of combining heterogeneous information.A statistical nonparametric approach to the forests interpretation from multispectral space images is proposed. The essence of the proposed approach is that it is proposed to use a nonparametric statistical model and the density function of the probability brightness distribution as the interpretation features. The efciency of various criteria applications of compliance when using this model is discussed. The directions of research for improvement of the proposed method are indicated. A number of examples of high-resolution multispectral images interpretation practically automated algorithms according to the developed methods are given. The main directions of development of automatic interpretation algorithms are noted.

The current stage of geoinformatics development can be called the epoch of transition from geographic information systems (GIS) to spatial data infrastructures (SDI). The purpose of the article is to assess how the requirements for the SDI and its components are reected in the current Russian federal and regional legislation and are taken into account in the national standards. We are talking about two important documents: the Federal Law “On Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data ...”, which entered into force in 2017, and the Action Plan for the “Information Infrastructure” of the National Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” with a deadline in 2019-2014. The second document outlines ways to solve the problem of creating domestic digital platforms for collecting, processing and distributing spatial data and remote sensing data from space that meet the needs of citizens, business and government. The analysis of the structure and content of the Plan and the prospects for its implementation are given. It is planned to create the Federal and regional funds of spatial data, the Unied electronic base map, the Federal portal of spatial data (geoportal). Technical Committee for Standardization No. 394 “Geographical Information/Geomatics” prepared, in addition to the previously approved, several national standards based on ISO standards, including the Spatial Data Infrastructure series of standards. The shortcomings of the documents and the problems of their implementation are noted: inattention to regions, the policy of import substitution in relation to GIS software, inconsistency in the terminology of laws and standards, the absence in the list of executors of the program of institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Improvement of the regulatory legal framework of geoinformatics is required as part of digital law in general. The work was performed in the framework of the theme of the State order No. AAAA-A19-119022190168-8.

The paper presents the results of the author’s scientic works (2004-2017), which describe the possibilities of visualizing and analyzing space-time maps from reanalysis, ground-based and satellite monitoring in ArcView GIS. Unlike ground and satellite monitoring, the reanalysis data are model global elds of meteorological quantities using full sets (available at the time of calculating observational data) from various platforms using primitive equations, interpolation and assimilation method. Since the advent of publicly available archival data (~ second half of 2000s) of remote sensing and climate models, it has become possible to use a wide range of analyzed parameters using statistical data analysis programs and geoinformation systems, i.e. such computer systems that allow you to work effectively with spatially distributed information.Observable changes of a global nature (increase in surface air temperature), transboundary transport of pollutants, etc. can have a signicant impact, for example, on the environmental situation in the arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. In the vast territory of Yakutia (3.1 million sq. km.), in the absence of a sufcient number and density of meteorological stations, the use of operational remote sensing data and geographic information systems is the most relevant at present. Of course, it is also important to create a single center for heliogeophysical monitoring in the territory of Yakutia, since space weather (solar-terrestrial relations) is largely manifested in the arctic and subarctic belt. The author has created the software «Cloud Map Processing Script (CMPAS), CONVERT, MATRIX, AVERAGE», which allows visualization of remote sensing data with a spatial resolution of 1 x 1 degree in ArcView GIS 3.2a.

The most important indicators of the environment, determining the ecological state of the hydrobiont communities in the Sakhalin shelf zone, are temperature, salinity, gas, and light patterns.More than 80 % of all organisms of the Far East seas live in the Sea of Okhotsk, which is explained by the presence of good food base. Its salinity is an order of magnitude lower than that of the ocean, which forms a subsurface layer with zero and negative temperatures. Monitoring of the ocean surface temperature is carried out by infrared radiometers and allows estimate the main characteristics of the state of water.Comprehensive study of the shelf began in the 1970s due to execution of standard hydrological proling, and reached its peak in the 1980s with the discovery of oil and gas elds. At the same time, they began to apply remote sensing methods.Research of the world ocean made from orbit using many different satellites, the main are Terra for land and Aqua for the water surface. The main scanner, exploring the waters of Sakhalin, MODIS is created by NASA to study the biological productivity of the ocean. The images that it takes are freely available on specialized websites.To identify the temperature patterns, we studied images for the period from Jan 01, 2018 to Feb 17, 2019. Some of them were performed in the winter, and were abolished as uninformative, because during this period, the waters of Sakhalin are under the ice cover. The temperature peak falls to late August-early September, this is due to cyclones coming to the region. Low salinity of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan contributes to a wide variety of living organisms. The Sakhalin shelf is rich in phytoplankton, because local waters are convenient for it and rich in important organic components (C, N, Si, O).

Land resources and arable land determine the socio-economic wealth of any state, and soils are an essential component of the natural resources of the territory. Anthropogenic impact causes a change in the course of their natural development, requiring a comprehensive study of the characteristics of the transformation of properties and the denition of limits of stability, the establishment of thresholds of rational impact on land resources. Accounting for agricultural resources and solving problems of rational use of agricultural land can be based on an automated system that allows one to introduce interactively and continuously the necessary amendments to obtain relevant data and make the necessary calculations. Management actions are aimed at the implementation of a set of measures for further increase in the intensity of land use and, above all, for increase in soil fertility on the basis of wide application of scientic achievements and best practices, taking into account economic and natural features. In this regard, the problem of development and practical implementation of an automated system for management and specialists is an important part of optimizing the use of agricultural resources. Improved land management is complicated by a number of problems: the lack of an appropriate register of land plots in municipal ownership; shortage of land payments due to the lack of a register of land payments in an automated mode, etc., but the most common is the use of outdated cartographic materials. In this regard, the introduction of geoinformation technologies and the use of specialized municipal GIS allows one to automate the receipt of various reporting documents. It is important to integrate GIS with automated enterprise management systems. The study on the example of OOOA grosoyuz-Krasnoe seltso examines the possibility of using geoinformation technologies in the rational use of land resources and potential land management using relevant geographic information and cartographic materials that allow professionals to get quick access to relevant information. On the example of a series of such materials, it is shown that the use of GIS technologies to create electronic and computer maps showing different properties and geochemical characteristics of soils of a separate agricultural enterprise is quite effective, as well as their further use for land management of a separate agricultural enterprise, organization and implementation of space monitoring of agricultural land.

The article analyzes more than eighty tourist and recreational maps and tourist schemes of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), including maps, placed in regional complex atlases. The study made it possible to systematize and highlight the stages of historical development and the current state of tourist mapping of the republic in its different periods, beginning in the 1970s to the second decade of the 21st century. In total, three periods were singled out: from 1970 to 1995, from 1995 to 2010, and from 2010 to the present.The article considers the main properties of tourist maps, published on a paper basis, and in electronic form in detail. A study of the thematic content revealed that its greatest diversity is found in maps published from 1970 to 1990. Thematic maps of tourism and scientic recreational maps are created in insufcient quantities. Identied problems and prospects for the creation of tourist maps.

It is noted that the major method used for calibration of the Sun photometers is still the Langley method. The major weakness of the Langley method is temporal instability of drawn graphical diagrams, caused by instability of optical depth of atmospheric aerosol. The temporal instability of atmospheric aerosols optical depth leads to change in the steepness of drawn up diagrams and, as a result, to random shifts of graphically calculated calibration quantity. Another signicant limitation of the Langley method is the lack of fully analytical formula for calculating calibration quantity and the necessity to draw the graphics. There are some modications of the Langley method, for example, there is an analytical method making it possible to calculate the calibration quantity analytically upon two optical masses, where the instability of basic method remains. It is well known that optical masses of different atmospheric gas components signicantly differ upon low height angle of the Sun. Thus, the measurements carried out in broadband of the Sun elevation angles variation cannot be estimated as variation of common optical mass in the same band. This fact signicantly limits the possibilities of the known method. The article describes the suggested two-wavelength method for calibration of the Sun photometers in two optical air masses. It is shown that transition from the one-wavelength method to the two-wavelength method make it possible to decrease signicantly the aerosol error of calibration method applied upon two air masses. The two-wavelength method for calibration of the Sun photometers upon two optical masses suggested in this article make it possible to remove the impact of atmospheric conditions on results of calibration inherent for the one-wavelength method realized upon two optical masses. The suggested method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of sun-photometric measurements of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol.

The paper is devoted to the suggested method for forming of extremum type multi-criterial estimates for fusion of images of different on-board remote sensing imaging systems. It is well-known that fusion of multispectral images with panchromatic images with high geometric resolution makes it possible to compensate the natural decrease of spectral resolution upon increasing the geometric resolution. However, as it has been proved by the held analysis of the mentioned methods, when performing the fusion of two images, the parametric interrelation between two such major parameters as autocorrelation and mean standard deviation of intensity is not taken into account where the spatial resolution is functions as a parameter. The article is devoted to the analysis of feasibility of developing new methods for the fusion of images with different spatial resolution formed by on-board scanner type imaging systems. It is noted that these imaging systems are included into complex of measuring instruments installed on board of a carrier, for example, a low engine airplane, a helicopter or an unmanned aerial vehicle. The task on optimum fusion of two images of different on-board imaging systems with different geometrical resolution taking into consideration of three possible filtration methods is suggested. The method for evaluation of images on value of scalar convolution of major statistic parameters of images by condition of reaching extremum by value of calculated optimum geometric resolution upon which the minimum difference between calculated and initial values are provided is developed. In this case, the initial image should be processed by relevant filtration method. The alternative variant for implementation of the suggested method is described. It is noted that the use of combined estimates of initial images opens new possibilities in sphere of fusion of images with different geometric resolutions.

The territory of the Chechen Republic has long attracted the attention of researchers by numerous owing artesian thermal mineral springs (Braginsky, Goryachevodsky, Isti-suiskie, Sernovodsk, etc.). The names of some geographical sites are to some extent related to the outputs of these waters on the surface of the day: «Isti-su», «Melchi-hi» (warm water), «Achka-hi» (iron (ferruginous) water), «Darban-hi» (healing water), etc. Against the background of the development of recreational facilities, the development of geothermal resources for balneological purposes is becoming a very attractive direction. The results of chemical analyses indicate that the waters of many geothermal deposits on therapeutic characteristics can be recommended for balneological purposes (baths, swimming pools, drinking) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin lesions, etc., and open up broad prospects for the economy of the Chechen Republic. In addition, the integrated development of these resources solves a number of contradictions in the energy, environmental, socio-economic strategy of the region. At rst glance, the development of this resource in balneology is not associated with special difculties and promises great benets.Geothermal resources of the Chechen Republic include 14 elds: Khankalskaya, Gostinsko, Petropavlovskoe, Gonochki, Germanysee, Gudermes, Novogroznensky, Chervlenskaya, Komsomol, Novoshеdrenskoe, Shelkovskoe, Dubovskoye, Kargaly, and Central Burunai.The article summarizes the available data on promising elds of geothermal waters of the Chechen Republic (Khankalskaya, Novogroznensky, Shelkovskoe, Chervlenskaya, Novoshеdrenskoe). According to the analysis of elemental and microelement composition, different variants of their use in balneology are proposed.